Melatonin reverted apoptosis induced by chicken house PM2.5 in A549 cell via oxidation resistance

Published on Wednesday, 03 August 2022

Abstract

The particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from the chicken production system attaching large amounts of harmful substances and microbes, can cause lung injury and reduce productivity through prolonged breath.

Here, the basal epithelial cell of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cell) were subjected to PM2.5 from the broiler breeding house to investigate the apoptosis induced by PM2.5 as well as the anti-apoptotic effect of melatonin.

The data showed that PM2.5 (6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/ml) increased the number of apoptotic cells substantially. The relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bad, Bax, PERK and CHOP increased dramatically in PM2.5 treated groups.

Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure upregulated the level of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3 as well as the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) related protein including ATF6 and CHOP.

Melatonin increased the viability of A549 cells and declined the relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 in comparison with that exposed to PM2.5.

Importantly, melatonin decreased the level of Nrf2, MDA, and enhanced the intracellular content of T-SOD and CAT after treatment by PM2.5.

Collectively, our study proved that PM2.5 from chicken house induced A549 cell apoptosis, and melatonin exerted an anti-apoptotic role on A549 cells by enhancing their antioxidative ability.

NOTE: This publication cites (Ref. N.17): Di Bella G., Mascia F., Gualano L., Di Bella L. - Melatonin anticancer effect: review. Int J Mol Sci. 2013;14:2410–2430.

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- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Melatonin tablets. From 30-40mg/day up to 200mg/day orally in patients with advanced stage of cancer disease and/or patients without respond to traditional treatments);

- Melatonin use in cancer patients have started in 1974, when melatonin prepared according to Prof. Di Bella’s formulation [...]. For 11 days was administered to the patient, admitted to the general medical ward at the Maggiore-Pizzardi Hospital in Bologna, very slowly (over approx. 8 hours) and intravenously administered 1000 mg of melatonin for 11 days. During the course of each day, the patient was intravenously administered 4 saline drips of 500 ml, each containing ten 25 mg bottles of freeze-dried melatonin, lasting 2 hours, totaling 1000 mg per day. No other drug of any kind was administered in order to ascertain the effect of the MLT without interference [...]. From Melatonin with adenosine solubilized in water and stabilized with glycine for oncological treatment - technical preparation, effectivity and clinical findings;

- About Melatonin - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Publication: Melatonin anticancer effects: Review (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication: Key aspects of melatonin physiology: 30 years of research (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Calcium, 2 grams per day, orally);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Somatostatin, Octreotide, Sandostatin LAR, analogues and/or derivatives);

- Somatostatin in oncology, the overlooked evidences - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Publication, 2018 Jul: Over-Expression of GH/GHR in Breast Cancer and Oncosuppressor Role of Somatostatin as a Physiological Inhibitor (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2018 Sep: The over-expression of GH/GHR in tumour tissues with respect to healthy ones confirms its oncogenic role and the consequent oncosuppressor role of its physiological inhibitor, somatostatin: a review of the literature (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Aug: The Entrapment of Somatostatin in a Lipid Formulation: Retarded Release and Free Radical Reactivity (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Sep: Effects of Somatostatin and Vitamin C on the Fatty Acid Profile of Breast Cancer Cell Membranes (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2019 Sep: Effects of somatostatin, curcumin, and quercetin on the fatty acid profile of breast cancer cell membranes (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2020 Sep: Two neuroendocrine G protein-coupled receptor molecules, somatostatin and melatonin: Physiology of signal transduction and therapeutic perspectives (from Di Bella's Foundation);