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Melatonin: An anticancer molecule in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A mechanistic review

Published on Friday, 12 May 2023

Abstract

Several factors impact the mortality rate of patients with gastrointestinal cancers including late diagnosis, metastases to distance sites, and lack of efficacy of the conventional therapies.

To reduce mortality rate, the novel effective remedies should be explored.

Melatonin is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and oncostatic molecule and has been showed potential in controlling various malignancies.

In the gastrointestinal tract, melatonin plays an important role via its membrane receptors of MT1 and MT2.

It can diminish esophageal lesions resulting from acid–pepsin–bile contact and also inhibits expression of myosin light chain kinase as well as reduces its activity by regulating extracellular signal-transduction of protein kinase.

The aim of the present study was to review the critical functions of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma including its influence on gastrointestinal pathology, oncostatic role and potential mechanisms.

Particularly, the inhibitory function of melatonin on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its therapeutic effects are summarized.

We suggest that melatonin co-treatment will enhance the efficacy of conventional treatments and survival times in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

NOTE: This publication cites DBM (The Di Bella Method) in Ref. N.78: Giuseppe Di Bella, Mauro Madarena - Complete objective response of oesophageal squamocellular carcinoma to biological treatment. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2009;30(3):312-21.

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About this publication.

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Melatonin tablets. From 30-40mg/day up to 200mg/day orally in patients with advanced stage of cancer disease and/or patients without respond to traditional treatments);

- Melatonin use in cancer patients have started in 1974, when melatonin prepared according to Prof. Di Bella’s formulation [...]. For 11 days was administered to the patient, admitted to the general medical ward at the Maggiore-Pizzardi Hospital in Bologna, very slowly (over approx. 8 hours) and intravenously administered 1000 mg of melatonin for 11 days. During the course of each day, the patient was intravenously administered 4 saline drips of 500 ml, each containing ten 25 mg bottles of freeze-dried melatonin, lasting 2 hours, totaling 1000 mg per day. No other drug of any kind was administered in order to ascertain the effect of the MLT without interference [...]. From Melatonin with adenosine solubilized in water and stabilized with glycine for oncological treatment - technical preparation, effectivity and clinical findings;

- About Melatonin - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Publication: Melatonin anticancer effects: Review (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication: Key aspects of melatonin physiology: 30 years of research (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- The Di Bella Method (A Variable Part - Omega 3 Essential/Unsaturated Fatty Acids. From 1.5 grams up to 3.0 grams per day orally);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - All-Trans Retinoic Acid, Analogues and/or Derivatives - Approximately 60mg per day orally: 40mg per day Beta-Carotene/β-Carotene, 10mg per day ATRA and 10mg per day Axerophthol palmitate);

- All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (ATRA - analogues and/or derivatives) - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Solution of retinoids in vitamin E in the Di Bella Method biological multitherapy;

- The Di Bella Method (A Variable Part - Selenium methonine, 40 μg capsules, twice a day);

- The Di Bella Method (A Fixed Part - Somatostatin, Octreotide, Sandostatin LAR, analogues and/or derivatives);

- Somatostatin in oncology, the overlooked evidences - In vitro, review and in vivo publications;

- Publication, 2018 Jul: Over-Expression of GH/GHR in Breast Cancer and Oncosuppressor Role of Somatostatin as a Physiological Inhibitor (from Di Bella's Foundation);

- Publication, 2018 Sep: The over-expression of GH/GHR in tumour tissues with respect to healthy ones confirms its oncogenic role and the consequent oncosuppressor role of its physiological inhibitor, somatostatin: a review of the literature (from Di Bella's Foundation);